SELECT 
  category_id, 
  parent_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  parent_id IN(
    148, 449, 467, 453, 45, 47, 39, 88, 22, 
    26, 95, 41, 9, 111, 33, 29, 466, 40, 4, 
    13, 16, 46, 89, 42, 112, 35, 25, 105, 110, 
    28, 12, 468, 96, 37, 10, 465, 476, 460, 
    38, 18, 446, 5, 14, 49, 77, 480, 15, 3, 
    30, 118, 91, 87, 120, 34, 44, 122, 7, 444, 
    24, 156, 474, 463, 20, 11, 492, 487, 138, 
    472, 27, 2, 493, 143, 8, 151, 19, 50, 494, 
    157, 94, 159, 51, 443, 36, 92, 486, 32, 
    483, 43, 23, 491, 54, 55, 137, 119, 114, 
    470, 52, 21, 17, 145, 155, 117, 74, 154, 
    451, 62, 116, 475, 488, 482
  )

Query time 0.00069

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "29.14"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_categories",
      "access_type": "ALL",
      "possible_keys": [
        "parent"
      ],
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 125,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 125,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "4.14",
        "eval_cost": "25.00",
        "prefix_cost": "29.14",
        "data_read_per_join": "326K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "category_id",
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "attached_condition": "(`ea201_francemaqu`.`cscart_categories`.`parent_id` in (148,449,467,453,45,47,39,88,22,26,95,41,9,111,33,29,466,40,4,13,16,46,89,42,112,35,25,105,110,28,12,468,96,37,10,465,476,460,38,18,446,5,14,49,77,480,15,3,30,118,91,87,120,34,44,122,7,444,24,156,474,463,20,11,492,487,138,472,27,2,493,143,8,151,19,50,494,157,94,159,51,443,36,92,486,32,483,43,23,491,54,55,137,119,114,470,52,21,17,145,155,117,74,154,451,62,116,475,488,482))"
    }
  }
}

Result

category_id parent_id
148 40
449 2
467 465
45 5
22 21
26 17
29 14
33 11
39 23
40 36
41 40
47 2
88 87
95 37
111 32
4 114
466 465
13 9
485 116
10 9
12 11
16 2
25 17
28 14
35 23
37 36
42 40
46 5
89 87
112 32
96 37
105 114
468 465
484 116
465 36
476 36
15 14
18 17
31 5
38 23
49 2
150 87
77 21
93 114
446 36
460 37
480 465
479 116
478 116
44 36
3 2
30 5
34 23
91 17
120 9
122 14
152 87
118 114
7 2
20 5
24 23
156 17
138 114
444 36
474 9
487 87
492 116
8 2
27 5
113 23
143 114
472 21
493 116
19 5
50 2
151 23
157 114
494 116
51 2
94 5
159 114
443 23
486 36
92 5
483 23
43 36
491 36
54 52
55 52
137 52
475 114
488 114