SELECT 
  category_id, 
  parent_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  parent_id IN(
    148, 467, 95, 41, 466, 40, 42, 468, 96, 
    37, 465, 476, 460, 446, 480, 44, 444, 
    486, 43, 491
  )

Query time 0.00029

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "29.14"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_categories",
      "access_type": "ALL",
      "possible_keys": [
        "parent"
      ],
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 125,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 37,
      "filtered": "30.40",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "21.54",
        "eval_cost": "7.60",
        "prefix_cost": "29.14",
        "data_read_per_join": "99K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "category_id",
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "attached_condition": "(`ea201_francemaqu`.`cscart_categories`.`parent_id` in (148,467,95,41,466,40,42,468,96,37,465,476,460,446,480,44,444,486,43,491))"
    }
  }
}